Cryosphere and Hydrology
The 2030 SDGs identify water and its management as crucial for providing the economic, social and environmental well-being of the present and future generations. Lakes in the basin of the Yangtze river, play a fundamental role in regional bio-geochemical cycles and provide major services to the communities, provisioning services (drinking water, fishing) and biodiversity keeping. However, the extreme temporal and spatial variability of these massive but extremely shallow ecosystems prevents a reliable quantification of their dynamics with respect to changes in climate and land use. To challenge this DRAGON5 project, successor of Dragon 4, EOWAQYWET, will provide: 1- water bodies extent and height monitoring, 2- water quality monitoring, 3- wetland ecosystem understanding, 4- regional interaction and global context. WP1: Water extent WEM and height WLM monitoring: � WP1.1: WEM. 1- continuity over Yangtze basin lakes. 2- assessment of new Full Pol SAR systems. � W1.2: WEL. 1- Insure the continuity of the monitoring; 2 -Integrate more virtual gauge stations, based on S3 and Jason-3, 3- integration of S6 and SWOT WP2: Water quality: 1- develop and validate processing protocols for multiple sensor systems, applied to algal blooms and black water events monitoring, macrophyte overproduction and lake stratification. 2- provide new insights, and decisional instructions for the analysis of water quality dynamics with respect to ambient water quality requirements and provisioning (SDG 6.1.1. and SDG 6.3.2). � WP21. advanced algorithms characterizing the optically complex waters. Experiment of fluorescence and LWST to quantify the timing and extension of surface algal blooms exploring in situ and new sensor systems (FLEX). � WP22: Multi scale – temporal retrieval of lake water surface temperature (LWST). From HR to LR sensors with TIR innovative approach to define high temporal resolution sequences � WP2.3: Novel methods to determine and model the dynamics of particulate and dissolved carbon and nutrients (N and P), with reference to primary productivity, incorporating information on wind, wave dynamics and LWST. WP2.4: biogeochemical modelling of shallow lake systems, integrating satellite estimated bio-optical, LWST, and WEL, in-situ measurements and controlled (micro and mesocosm), experiments to determine the links between catchment-related (LUCC), climatic (precipitation, evaporation) and hydrological (soil moisture.. ) conditions and lake carbon, nutrient and bio-optical dynamics WP3: Wetland mapping and biodiversity values analysis focus on the interaction between vegetation resources, water cycle analysis and human (dikes, tree planting, fishes� farms / traps), interactions and biodiversity. HR and superspectral imagery will be exploited for mapping the vegetation, floating and submerged, phenology and quality (as feeding resources for birds).. Final aim is to model, map and explain the distribution of biodiversity and their associated habitats, explaining spatio-temporal changes in biodiversity caused by biotic and abiotic factors. WP4: Regional and global interactions1- better understanding of the monsoon lakes behaviors in a regional and global change context, enhancing potential drought tendency , with also a more and more earlier draw off of the water thanks to time series analysis of rainfall, evaporation, river flows will be taking in account within component multi-scale analysis (wavelet�) and modeling , of course attention will be paid to the influence of management of the 3GD as well as sans dragging in the lakes. This works will exploitation of multi-mission data, Sentinel1, 2 &3 as core , TPM and Chinese missions (Beijing 1, HJ-1AB, GF 1, 3 &5) plus new sensors FLEX, SWOT, J-CS.
